Dark

Dark was a French aerospace technology company developing orbital interception systems, spacecraft propulsion, and technologies for removing hazardous objects from Earth’s orbit. Its Interceptor concept was designed for rapid-response missions involving space debris removal and orbital security. The company’s HADES program focused on demonstrating in-orbit detection, proximity operations, and controlled reentry, while its SHEITAN engine research supported the development of propulsion systems. Dark conducted propulsion testing and engineering activities before publicly announcing the conclusion of its operations in 2026. Its work addressed emerging requirements for responsive orbital intervention and space infrastructure protection.
Ion-X

ION-X is a French aerospace technology company developing electric propulsion systems for small satellites using ionic liquid electrospray technology. Its HALO-100X thruster accelerates charged particles through an electric field to generate propulsion without conventional chemical combustion or pressurized propellant storage. The system supports orbital maneuvering, station-keeping, collision avoidance, and spacecraft end-of-life management. ION-X completed an in-orbit firing demonstration in May 2025 and announced deliveries of additional propulsion units for satellite missions in 2026. Its technology builds on nanoscience research involving focused ion sources and electrohydrodynamic propulsion.
Safran

Safran is an aerospace and defense technology group developing propulsion, navigation, electronics, and optical systems for aviation and space applications. Its space activities include Hall-effect electric thrusters, spacecraft propulsion subsystems, satellite navigation equipment, launch vehicle instrumentation, and orbital surveillance technologies. Through Safran Spacecraft Propulsion, Safran Electronics & Defense, and other specialized businesses, the group supplies hardware for satellite maneuvering, positioning, timing, and space mission operations. Safran also participates in European launch vehicle development through its joint venture in ArianeGroup.
OhmSpace

OhmSpace is a spacecraft propulsion technology company developing high-temperature electric resistojet systems for satellites and orbital platforms. Its propulsion technology uses electrically heated propellants, including water, xenon, krypton, and ammonia, to generate thrust for spacecraft maneuvering. The company’s STAR propulsion product family includes STAR-Water-micro for microsatellites and STAR-X for larger telecommunications spacecraft. Its systems are designed to support collision avoidance, orbit adjustments, attitude control, and satellite deorbiting while providing alternatives to conventional hazardous chemical propulsion systems.
GATE Space

GATE Space is a spacecraft propulsion company developing high-thrust chemical propulsion systems for satellites, space capsules, and landing vehicles. Its technology uses storable propellants, patented injection systems, and closed-loop thrust control to support precise spacecraft maneuvering. The company’s product portfolio includes the GATE Jetpack, a modular propulsion system for ESPA-class satellites, and the GATE Thruster, designed for controlled thrust and orbital positioning. These systems support orbit transfers, collision avoidance, spacecraft attitude control, mission reconfiguration, and satellite deorbiting across commercial and government space missions.
Bradford Space

Bradford Space is a spacecraft technology company that develops propulsion systems, avionics, and specialized hardware for satellite and space exploration missions. Its product portfolio includes water-based propulsion systems, electric and chemical propulsion technologies, reaction wheels, sun sensors, and spacecraft control electronics. The company also manufactures integrated avionics solutions and scientific workstations for human spaceflight. Bradford Space supplies components used in satellite maneuvering, attitude control, orbital operations, and scientific missions across the space industry.
Tesseract

Tesseract Space is a space technology company developing chemical propulsion systems for satellites and spacecraft operating in Earth orbit and beyond. The company designs and manufactures low-toxicity thrusters, multi-thruster modules, and integrated propulsion systems that support spacecraft maneuvering, orbital adjustments, and mission operations. Its propulsion technology offers an alternative to traditional highly toxic propellants, while its modular hardware architecture allows spacecraft manufacturers to select individual components or complete propulsion solutions based on mission requirements.
Momentus

Momentus is a space technology company developing orbital service vehicles and spacecraft systems for satellite transportation, hosted payload operations, and in-orbit servicing. Its Vigoride platform carries satellites and technology payloads into space, supports orbital deployment, and provides infrastructure for testing new spacecraft technologies. The company has demonstrated autonomous rendezvous and proximity operations using optical, infrared, and LiDAR sensors aboard Vigoride-7. Momentus also supports in-space manufacturing experiments, spacecraft communications, and mission services for commercial and government customers.
Orbit Fab

Orbit Fab is a space technology company developing in-space refueling systems and orbital fuel logistics infrastructure for satellites and spacecraft. Its RAFTI refueling interface enables compatible spacecraft to receive propellant through docking and fluid transfer operations. The company is also developing RAVEN fuel shuttles and NEST orbital depots to transport and store propellant in space. Its technology supports satellite life extension, orbital maneuvering, spacecraft servicing, and defense missions. Orbit Fab’s UMPIRE software provides mission planning and fuel logistics optimization for future refueling operations.
Voyager Technologies

Voyager Technologies is an aerospace and defense technology company developing spacecraft systems, propulsion technologies, and orbital infrastructure for commercial, government, and national security missions. Its capabilities include satellite propulsion, spacecraft electronics, lunar systems, mission management, and space-based research infrastructure. The company operates the Bishop Airlock aboard the International Space Station and participates in the Starlab commercial space station joint venture. Voyager also develops technologies for lunar exploration, spacecraft navigation, and orbital operations, supporting missions across low Earth orbit, the Moon, and defense applications.